Iblis

Iblis is a jinn in Islamic tradition who refuses God’s command to bow to Adam and becomes humanity’s tempter. His refusal is associated with pride and disobedience.

Jinn: Jinn are beings in Islamic tradition, created from smokeless fire and endowed with moral agency. Iblis belongs to this class of beings, rather than to the angels.
Iblis in the Quran: The Quran presents Iblis as a jinn who disobeys God’s command concerning Adam and vows to mislead humanity. The Quran is the primary source for Iblis’s defining refusal and subsequent role.
Kibr: Kibr is the Arabic Islamic ethical concept of pride that rejects truth or treats others as inferior. Iblis’s refusal is presented as prideful self-elevation over Adam.
Satan: Satan is the adversary of God and humanity in Jewish and Christian traditions, with roles varying across texts. The name is often equated with Iblis, but their scriptural settings and portrayals differ.
Adam in Islam: Adam is the first human in Islamic tradition and a prophet honored by God. God’s command to bow to Adam becomes the test Iblis refuses.
Adam and Eve in Islam: Adam and his spouse are the first human couple in Islamic tradition, tested by God and tempted in the garden. Iblis’s temptation of the first couple gives his opposition to humanity its first narrative instance.
Tawba: Tawba is repentance and return to God after wrongdoing in Islamic religious life. Iblis persists in defiance rather than seeking forgiveness after his disobedience.
Azazil: Azazil is a name given to Iblis in some later Islamic narratives, but it is absent from the Quran. It is sometimes treated as Iblis’s former name, a detail not established by the Quran.
Angels in Islam: Angels in Islamic tradition are beings who serve God and carry out divine commands. The command to bow includes the angels, but Iblis’s disobedience is distinct because he is a jinn.
Al-Baqara: Al-Baqara is the second and longest surah of the Quran, including an account of the command to bow to Adam. Its account names Iblis’s refusal and his claim of superiority over Adam.

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