Ibn Ishaq

Ibn Ishaq was an eighth-century Muslim historian best known for composing an early biography of Muhammad, preserved through later recensions.

Sīra: Sīra is the genre of Islamic biographical writing about Muhammad’s life and deeds. Ibn Ishaq’s work became one of the earliest and most influential sīra accounts.
Ibn Hisham: Ibn Hisham was a ninth-century Arabic scholar who edited and transmitted Ibn Ishaq’s biography of Muhammad. His recension is the principal form in which Ibn Ishaq’s work survives.
Muhammad: Muhammad was the religious and political leader whose preaching in seventh-century Arabia founded Islam. Muhammad is the subject of Ibn Ishaq’s celebrated biographical work.
Battle of Badr: The Battle of Badr was a 624 battle in which Muhammad’s community defeated a Meccan force. Ibn Ishaq’s account makes Badr a defining military and religious turning point.
Hadith: Hadith are reports about Muhammad’s words, actions, and approvals, transmitted through chains of narrators. Ibn Ishaq drew on transmitted reports that also circulated in hadith scholarship.
Al-Tabari: Al-Tabari was a ninth-century Persian Muslim scholar whose works include a universal history and Quranic commentary. His history preserves material attributed to Ibn Ishaq beyond Ibn Hisham’s recension.
Al-Zuhri: Al-Zuhri was an early Muslim scholar associated with collecting reports about Muhammad and the first Muslim community. Ibn Ishaq drew on an earlier tradition of biographical and historical reports associated with al-Zuhri.
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was a 628 agreement between Muhammad’s community and the Quraysh of Mecca. Its negotiation exemplifies Ibn Ishaq’s narrative of Muhammad’s diplomacy and community-building.
Isnād: An isnād is a chain of transmitters used to attribute a report to an earlier source. Chains of transmission shaped how reports in Ibn Ishaq’s biography were preserved and assessed.
Recension: A recension is a particular edited or transmitted form of a text that differs from other versions. The biography is known through recensions rather than an extant authorial manuscript.

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