Identity politics

Political activity organized around the interests and experiences of social groups defined by shared identities such as race, gender, or religion.

Black Power movement: A political movement that advanced Black self-determination, community control, and cultural pride in the United States. It made Black self-determination a prominent model for organizing around shared identity.
Social identity: A person's sense of self shaped by membership in social groups and the meanings attached to them. Identity politics depends on identities becoming politically meaningful sources of belonging.
Interest group: An organization that seeks to influence public policy on behalf of members or a cause. Identity-based organizations can channel group demands into lobbying and policymaking.
Class politics: Political organizing centered on economic class interests and conflicts. It foregrounds economic position where identity politics emphasizes social identities and their associated experiences.
Politics of recognition: Political claims seeking respect and public acknowledgment for groups whose identities have been devalued. Recognition is a frequent aim of movements organized around marginalized identities.
Combahee River Collective: A Black feminist lesbian socialist organization active in Boston from 1974 to 1980. Its statement linked race, gender, sexuality, and class as intertwined grounds of political struggle.
Collective identity: A shared sense of belonging that helps members of a group understand themselves as a collective. It helps explain how personal identification can support coordinated political action.
Descriptive representation: Representation in which elected officials share salient characteristics with the people they represent. Demands for officials who reflect a group often accompany identity-based political claims.
Class reductionism: The view that class relations are the primary or sufficient explanation of social and political inequality. It conflicts with analyses that treat race, gender, or other identities as independently consequential.
Group representation: The representation of a group's interests or perspectives within political institutions and decisions. Identity-based claims can reshape debates about whose voices institutions should include.

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