Ilex aquifolium

Ilex aquifolium is an evergreen holly native to Europe and western Asia. It is distinguished by glossy leaves that are often spiny and red berries on female plants.

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Aquifoliaceae: Aquifoliaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes hollies in the genus Ilex. This family contains Ilex aquifolium and places it among other holly species.
Holly wreath: A holly wreath is a circular decoration made with holly foliage, often displayed during winter holidays. The evergreen leaves and red fruit make this species a traditional wreath material.
Ilex aquifolium 'Argentea Marginata': Ilex aquifolium 'Argentea Marginata' is a holly cultivar with leaves edged in pale cream or white. Its variegated foliage is a familiar ornamental form of the species.
Bird dispersal: Bird dispersal is the movement of seeds when birds eat fruits and later deposit viable seeds elsewhere. Birds consume holly fruits and can carry its seeds away from parent plants.
Ilex: Ilex is a genus of flowering plants whose species include evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs. Ilex aquifolium is one species within this large genus.
Christmas plants: Christmas plants are species used in decorations and customs associated with Christmas. European holly is a familiar seasonal plant in Christmas decoration.
Ilex aquifolium 'J.C. van Tol': Ilex aquifolium 'J.C. van Tol' is a female holly cultivar known for abundant red fruits and relatively smooth leaves. It illustrates how cultivars can differ in fruiting and leaf form.
European thrushes: Turdidae is a bird family that includes thrushes, such as the song thrush and mistle thrush. Thrushes eat holly fruits and contribute to dispersing its seeds.
Dioecy: Dioecy is a reproductive system in which individual plants produce either male or female flowers, but not both. Holly plants are generally male or female, so fruiting depends on female plants and pollination.
Hedge: A hedge is a dense line of shrubs or trees planted to form a boundary or screen. Its dense growth and prickly foliage make holly suitable for some protective hedges.