Illusory superiority

Illusory superiority is a cognitive bias in which people rate their abilities or qualities more favorably than other people’s, often placing themselves above average.

Dunning–Kruger effect: A proposed pattern in which limited skill can impair both performance and self-assessment of that skill. It links poor calibration to gaps in the expertise needed to evaluate one’s own performance.
Lake Wobegon effect: A statistical pattern in which members of a group report above-average standing on a valued trait. The phrase names the group-level version of widespread above-average self-ratings.
Constantine Sedikides: A social psychologist known for research on self-evaluation, self-enhancement, and identity. His work examined explanations and limits of better-than-average judgments.
Impostor syndrome: Persistent doubt about one’s achievements, often accompanied by fear of being exposed as a fraud. It contrasts with an inflated relative self-assessment, though the two can coexist across domains.
Metacognition: The monitoring and regulation of one’s own cognitive processes. Accurate self-assessment depends partly on noticing what one knows and where performance fails.
Social comparison theory: Leon Festinger’s theory that people evaluate opinions and abilities by comparing themselves with others. Choosing comparison targets can make self-evaluations seem more favorable.
Driving skill self-assessment: People’s judgments of their driving ability compared with other drivers, studied in surveys and experiments. Driving surveys became a widely cited example of people rating themselves above average.
David Dunning: An American social psychologist whose research includes metacognition and self-assessment. His research with Justin Kruger brought one account of miscalibrated competence to broad attention.
False consensus effect: The tendency to overestimate how widely other people share one’s beliefs or behaviors. It concerns estimates of others’ similarity, rather than one’s rank in ability.
Feedback: Information about performance or outcomes used to guide future action. External evidence can correct self-ratings when it is specific and difficult to dismiss.

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Worse-than-average effectCompared with: Unlike this generally favorable bias, the effect can produce unfavorable self-ratings.