Image editing

Image editing is the alteration of a digital image using software or other tools, from basic adjustments to extensive compositing and retouching.

Raster graphics editor: Software for creating and modifying images represented as grids of pixels. Pixel-based editors provide the standard workspace for detailed image alteration.
Digital image: A visual representation encoded as discrete data, commonly a grid of colored pixels. Image editing operates on this digital representation rather than directly on a physical scene.
Photo manipulation: The alteration of a photograph to change its appearance, content, or interpretation. It covers edits that go beyond correction to intentionally transform photographic content.
Vector graphics editor: Software for creating and modifying images from mathematically defined shapes and paths. Vector editors manipulate scalable objects rather than primarily editing pixel grids.
Digital image manipulation controversy: Public disputes over whether image alterations mislead, deceive, or violate professional standards. Editing becomes controversial when changes obscure what an image originally depicted.
Layers (digital imaging): Stacked image elements that can be edited independently and composited into one result. Layers let edits and added elements remain separate from the original image.
Pixel: A smallest addressable picture element in a raster image, associated with color or intensity values. Many edits alter individual pixels or groups of pixels.
Color grading: The adjustment of image colors and tonal relationships to establish a particular appearance. Color grading gives edited images a coherent visual mood or style.
Raw image format: A file format that stores minimally processed data captured by a digital camera sensor. Raw development offers greater control over capture data than editing a finished JPEG.
Photojournalism ethics: Professional principles governing accuracy, fairness, and responsibility in news photography. These standards restrict edits that could distort the journalistic meaning of a photograph.

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