Imine

An imine is an organic compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond, commonly written C=N. It can form when a carbonyl compound reacts with a primary amine.

Carbonyl addition: A reaction in which a nucleophile adds to the electrophilic carbon of a carbonyl group. Amine attack on a carbonyl begins the usual pathway to an imine.
Carbon–nitrogen bond: A covalent bond between carbon and nitrogen atoms. An imine’s defining double bond joins these two elements.
Schiff base: An imine traditionally formed by condensing a primary amine with an aldehyde or ketone. Many familiar imine products, especially those with organic substituents on nitrogen, are called Schiff bases.
Enamine: An organic compound containing a carbon–carbon double bond adjacent to an amine nitrogen. Enamines are imine-related compounds with the double bond between two carbon atoms.
Carbinolamine: A molecule bearing both hydroxyl and amino groups on the same carbon atom. This tetrahedral intermediate forms before water is eliminated during imine formation.
Double bond: A covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between atoms. The C=N double bond distinguishes imines from amines.
Reductive amination: A reaction that converts a carbonyl compound and an amine into an amine through reduction of an imine or iminium intermediate. It uses imine-forming chemistry to make carbon–nitrogen bonds efficiently.
Oxime: A compound containing the group C=N–OH, commonly formed from a carbonyl compound and hydroxylamine. Oximes are imine derivatives with hydroxyl attached to the imine nitrogen.
Dehydration reaction: A chemical reaction that removes water from a molecule or reaction mixture. Loss of water from a carbinolamine creates the carbon–nitrogen double bond.
Functional group: A group of atoms that gives organic compounds characteristic chemical properties and reactions. The imine group determines a characteristic set of reactions.

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