Immunoglobulin E

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an antibody class that binds specific antigens and attaches to receptors on mast cells and basophils. Allergen-triggered cross-linking of cell-bound IgE can initiate immediate allergic reactions.

FcεRI: A high-affinity cell-surface receptor that binds the Fc region of IgE on mast cells and basophils. Allergen cross-linking of IgE bound to this receptor initiates cell activation.
Skin prick test: A diagnostic test in which small amounts of suspected allergens are introduced into the skin to assess immediate reactions. A local wheal-and-flare response can reveal allergen-specific IgE activity.
Antibody: A protein made by B cells that binds a specific antigen and can help direct immune responses. IgE is one of the antibody classes, distinguished by its constant-region structure and functions.
Type I hypersensitivity: An immediate hypersensitivity reaction driven by allergen-specific IgE and mediator release from sensitized effector cells. IgE is the antibody class that defines this reaction mechanism.
Mast cell: A tissue-resident immune cell that stores and releases histamine and other inflammatory mediators. IgE cross-linking activates mast cells, releasing mediators that produce allergic symptoms.
Allergen-specific IgE test: A blood test that measures IgE antibodies directed against particular allergens. It detects sensitization to selected allergens without exposing the person to them.
Immunoglobulin class switching: A process in which an activated B cell changes the antibody constant region it produces while retaining antigen specificity. Class switching enables B cells to produce IgE without changing the antigen recognized.
Allergic rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal lining caused by an allergic response to inhaled substances. IgE-mediated responses to airborne allergens can cause sneezing, itching, and congestion.
Basophil: A circulating granulocyte that can release inflammatory mediators and express high-affinity IgE receptors. Like mast cells, basophils respond when allergens cross-link receptor-bound IgE.
Omalizumab: A monoclonal antibody medicine that binds free IgE and reduces its availability to IgE receptors. It lowers free IgE and is used to treat selected allergic and asthma conditions.

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