Immunology

Immunology is the study of the immune system: its components, how they recognize and respond to threats, and how immune dysfunction causes disease.

Innate immunity: The rapid, broadly targeted defenses present from birth, including barriers, immune cells, and inflammatory responses. It provides immediate defense before a targeted adaptive response develops.
Leukocyte: A white blood cell that participates in immune defense or inflammation. Leukocytes are the cellular actors studied across immunology.
Vaccination: The administration of a vaccine to induce protective immunity against a disease. Vaccination deliberately uses immune memory to prevent future disease.
Autoimmunity: An immune response directed against the body's own molecules, cells, or tissues. It shows how self-recognition can fail and cause disease.
Edward Jenner: An English physician whose cowpox inoculation work helped establish vaccination against smallpox. His experiments made preventive immunization a practical medical intervention.
Adaptive immunity: Immune defenses that use specific receptors on lymphocytes and can form lasting immunological memory. It supplies targeted responses and memory that distinguish vertebrate immunity.
Lymphocyte: A white blood cell that includes B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Lymphocytes carry out antigen-specific responses and several forms of immune surveillance.
Immunotherapy: Treatment that modifies immune activity to prevent or treat disease. It turns knowledge of immune pathways into therapies for cancer and other conditions.
Immunodeficiency: A condition in which one or more components of immune defense are absent or impaired. It contrasts excessive or misdirected responses with inadequate protection.
Louis Pasteur: A French scientist who developed vaccines for diseases including rabies and anthrax. His work extended vaccination and helped shape experimental immunology.

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