Inactivated Vaccine

An inactivated vaccine contains pathogens rendered unable to replicate while retaining features that provoke an immune response. It can induce protection without causing infection by the vaccine pathogen.

Chemical Inactivation: A process that disables biological activity through reactions with chemical agents. Formaldehyde and other agents can disable pathogens while preserving structures recognized by the immune system.
Inactivated Polio Vaccine: A polio vaccine containing poliovirus rendered unable to replicate, developed by Jonas Salk. It is a landmark inactivated vaccine and remains part of polio prevention.
Live Attenuated Vaccine: A vaccine made from weakened pathogens that can replicate to a limited extent. Unlike inactivated vaccines, it relies on a weakened pathogen that can replicate.
Louis Pasteur: A French chemist and microbiologist whose work helped establish germ theory and vaccination. His vaccine research helped shape the broader practice of deliberately modifying pathogens.
Antigen: A molecule or molecular structure recognized by antibodies or immune-cell receptors. Inactivated pathogens expose antigens that immune cells learn to recognize.
Hepatitis A Vaccine: A vaccine that protects against hepatitis A, commonly made with inactivated hepatitis A virus. Its routine use illustrates inactivated vaccination against a food- and waterborne virus.
Subunit Vaccine: A vaccine containing selected pathogen components rather than whole pathogens. It presents chosen antigens, whereas inactivated vaccines generally contain whole pathogens.
Jonas Salk: An American virologist who developed the inactivated polio vaccine used in the 1950s. His polio vaccine became a defining example of safe, large-scale inactivated vaccination.
Antibody: A protein produced by B cells that binds a specific antigen. Antibodies generated after vaccination can bind the pathogen during later exposure.
Rabies Vaccine: A vaccine that prevents rabies, with modern human vaccines commonly made from inactivated virus. It shows how inactivated vaccines can prevent disease after a high-risk exposure.

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