Incarnation

The Christian doctrine that the divine Son assumed human nature in Jesus Christ. It holds that Christ is fully divine and fully human.

Hypostatic Union: The Christian doctrine that Christ’s divine and human natures are united in one person. It gives the classical account of how divinity and humanity belong to the one incarnate Christ.
Council of Nicaea: The Christian council held in 325 that affirmed the Son’s full divinity against Arianism. Its account of the Son as consubstantial with the Father shaped later teaching about the Incarnation.
Docetism: An early Christian view that Christ only seemed to possess a physical body or suffer. The Incarnation rejects the idea that Christ’s humanity was merely apparent.
Theosis: The Christian teaching that human beings can share in divine life through union with God. In Eastern Christian theology, the Incarnation makes human participation in divine life possible.
Trinity: The Christian doctrine that God is one being in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Incarnation concerns the Son, the second person of the Trinity.
Council of Ephesus: The Christian council held in 431 that affirmed Mary as Theotokos and condemned Nestorius’s teaching. Its debate over Christ’s unity clarified how the divine Son was born as a human being.
Monophysitism: A Christological position that attributes one nature to Christ after the Incarnation. It contrasts with Chalcedonian teaching that Christ remains fully divine and fully human.
Atonement: The reconciliation between God and humanity that Christian traditions associate with Christ’s life, death, and resurrection. The Incarnation grounds the claim that Christ can act for humanity as both divine and human.
Jesus Christ: The central figure of Christianity, understood by Christians as the Son of God and savior. The doctrine identifies Jesus as the person in whom the Son assumed human nature.
Council of Chalcedon: The Christian council held in 451 that defined Christ as one person in two natures. Its definition became the landmark formulation of the Incarnation in many Christian traditions.

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