Incus

The incus is a small middle-ear bone that transmits vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. Its body and long and short processes give it an anvil-like shape.

Malleus: The middle-ear ossicle attached to the tympanic membrane that transmits its vibrations to the incus. Its head articulates with the incus at the incudomalleolar joint.
Middle ear: An air-filled chamber in the temporal bone containing the auditory ossicles and connecting with the nasopharynx through the auditory tube. The incus lies within this chamber, between the tympanic membrane and inner ear.
Ossiculoplasty: Surgery to restore sound transmission by repairing or reconstructing the middle-ear ossicles. The incus is a frequent target for reconstruction when erosion interrupts the ossicular chain.
Incus erosion: Progressive loss of incus bone, often involving its long process, that can disrupt ossicular continuity. It is a common structural route by which the incus stops transmitting vibrations effectively.
Stapes: The smallest middle-ear ossicle, which transfers vibrations from the incus to the oval window. The incus sends vibrations to its head through the incudostapedial joint.
Tympanic membrane: A thin membrane separating the external ear canal from the middle ear that vibrates in response to sound. Its vibrations reach the incus through the malleus.
Ossicular discontinuity: A break or separation in the chain of middle-ear bones that impairs transmission of sound. Damage or displacement of the incus can interrupt the chain.
Congenital ossicular anomaly: A developmental abnormality in the shape, position, or connection of one or more middle-ear ossicles. The incus may be malformed or fail to connect normally with neighboring ossicles.
Ossicular chain: The connected malleus, incus, and stapes that transmit sound vibrations across the middle ear. The incus is the middle link in this three-bone chain.
Temporal bone: A paired skull bone that houses structures of the ear and contributes to the sides and base of the skull. The incus sits in the middle-ear cavity within this bone.

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Mammalian middle earBroader topic: It relays vibrations between the two end ossicles.