Indian nationalism

Indian nationalism is a movement and ideology seeking political unity, self-government, and national identity for the peoples of India, especially under British rule.

British Raj: The system of British Crown rule over India from 1858 to 1947. Its centralized administration and racial hierarchy supplied common targets for Indian political opposition.
Swadeshi movement: A movement promoting Indian-made goods and boycotting foreign goods, especially after Bengal's 1905 partition. Boycott and indigenous production linked everyday choices to resistance against colonial rule.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: An Indian political leader who led mass campaigns for independence using nonviolent resistance. His leadership transformed Congress politics and popular mobilization.
Two-nation theory: The political doctrine that Hindus and Muslims constituted distinct nations entitled to separate political homelands. It rejected the Congress vision of a single, religiously plural Indian nation.
Indian independence movement: The political struggle that ended British rule in India in 1947. Indian nationalism supplied its central claims, organizations, and mass constituencies.
Indian National Congress: A political organization founded in 1885 that became a leading force in India's independence movement. It gave nationalist politics an enduring all-India organization.
Non-cooperation movement: A mass campaign led by Gandhi from 1920 to 1922 urging Indians to withdraw cooperation from British institutions. It brought nationalist action to millions through coordinated nonviolent withdrawal.
Jawaharlal Nehru: An Indian nationalist leader and the first prime minister of independent India. He advanced a secular, socialist-leaning vision of a modern national state.
Muslim League: A political organization founded in 1906 that became the principal advocate of a separate Muslim state in British India. Its changing demands rivaled Congress claims to represent India's population as a whole.
Independence Day (India): India's annual national holiday on 15 August commemorating independence from British rule in 1947. Its public rituals turn the nationalist achievement into a recurring civic memory.

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