Indian Space Research Organisation

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is India’s national space agency, responsible for space research, satellite development, and launch vehicles.

Indian National Satellite System: A constellation of Indian communications, broadcasting, meteorological, and search-and-rescue satellites. ISRO developed and operates satellites in this system for services across India.
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle: An Indian expendable launch vehicle designed primarily to place satellites into polar and Sun-synchronous orbits. PSLV became ISRO’s workhorse for Earth-observation and many international satellite launches.
Indian National Committee for Space Research: The Indian government’s early space research committee, established in 1962 under the Department of Atomic Energy. INCOSPAR preceded ISRO and organized India’s first coordinated space research efforts.
Vikram Sarabhai: An Indian physicist who founded India’s space research programme and led INCOSPAR and ISRO. Sarabhai established the agency’s early focus on applying space technology to national needs.
NASA: The United States government agency responsible for civilian space exploration and aeronautics research. NASA is a larger, differently funded counterpart to ISRO, with a distinct history and mission portfolio.
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System: India’s regional satellite navigation system, also called NavIC, providing positioning and timing services. ISRO built NavIC to provide independent navigation coverage for India and nearby regions.
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle: An Indian launch vehicle designed to carry heavier payloads toward geosynchronous transfer orbit. GSLV gave ISRO greater capacity for placing communications satellites into high orbits.
Department of Space: An Indian government department that oversees the national space programme and ISRO. ISRO operates under this department, established alongside the agency in 1972.
Homi J. Bhabha: An Indian nuclear physicist who led the Atomic Energy Commission and supported early space research. Bhabha provided the institutional backing that enabled INCOSPAR’s creation within the atomic energy department.
European Space Agency: An intergovernmental organization coordinating civil space activities among European member states. ESA contrasts with ISRO as a multinational agency rather than a national space organization.

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