Indonesia

Indonesia is a Southeast Asian country spanning thousands of islands between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Its population, languages, and cultures are highly diverse.

Indonesian archipelago: The island chain extending across Southeast Asia that forms the geographic core of Indonesia. Its dispersed islands shape Indonesia’s transport, regional identities, and borders.
Politics of Indonesia: The institutions, political parties, and practices through which Indonesia is governed. Its democratic system sets the rules for national leadership and public policy.
Dutch East Indies: The Dutch colonial territory in the Indonesian archipelago that preceded independent Indonesia. Its colonial boundaries strongly shaped the territory inherited by the modern state.
Association of Southeast Asian Nations: A regional organization promoting cooperation among Southeast Asian states. Indonesia is a founding member and a major diplomatic force within ASEAN.
Suharto: Indonesia’s second president, who ruled from 1967 until his resignation in 1998. His authoritarian New Order transformed the state before ending amid mass protest.
Java: An Indonesian island containing Jakarta and most of the country’s population. Java concentrates political power and population within an archipelagic state.
President of Indonesia: The elected head of state and government of the Republic of Indonesia. Presidential authority coordinates the national government across the archipelago.
Indonesian National Awakening: The early twentieth-century growth of organized anticolonial nationalism in the Dutch East Indies. Nationalist movements turned a diverse colonial population toward a shared political identity.
Non-Aligned Movement: An international grouping of states that sought independence from Cold War power blocs. Indonesia helped convene the movement’s 1955 Bandung precursor and later became a member.
Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66: Mass killings and political repression in Indonesia following the events of 30 September 1965. The violence reshaped Indonesian politics and society for decades.

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