Indonesian independence

Indonesian independence was the end of Dutch colonial rule and the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia, proclaimed on 17 August 1945 and secured through revolution and diplomacy.

Dutch East Indies: The Dutch colonial polity that governed much of the Indonesian archipelago until the Japanese occupation in 1942. Independence ended this colonial state and its claim to sovereignty.
Proclamation of Indonesian Independence: The declaration of Indonesian independence read by Sukarno in Jakarta on 17 August 1945. It announced the republic, but did not itself end Dutch claims or fighting.
Sutan Sjahrir: An Indonesian independence leader who served as the republic’s first prime minister and pursued diplomacy during the revolution. He represented the Republican government in negotiations with the Netherlands.
United States of Indonesia: A federal state established at the 1949 sovereignty transfer and replaced by the unitary Republic of Indonesia in 1950. It was the initial constitutional form of the Dutch-Indonesian settlement.
Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies: Japan’s military rule over the Dutch East Indies from 1942 until its surrender in 1945. The occupation dismantled Dutch administration and enabled Indonesian nationalist organizing.
Linggadjati Agreement: A 1946 agreement in which the Netherlands recognized the republic’s authority over Java, Madura, and Sumatra in principle. It marked an early negotiated, limited recognition of Republican authority.
Tan Malaka: An Indonesian Marxist revolutionary and nationalist who advocated immediate, uncompromising independence. His influence reflected tensions over strategy and the legitimacy of negotiated settlements.
West New Guinea dispute: The post-1949 dispute between Indonesia and the Netherlands over sovereignty of western New Guinea. The 1949 transfer left this territory outside the settlement.
Indonesian nationalism: A political movement advocating a shared Indonesian nation and self-government across the archipelago. Decades of nationalist organizing supplied the movement and ideals behind independence.
Renville Agreement: A 1948 agreement aboard the USS Renville that set a ceasefire line and further constrained Republican territory. Its terms shaped the military and diplomatic position during the revolution.

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