Indonesian National Armed Forces

Indonesia’s national military, formed during the independence struggle and reorganized after sovereignty was recognized. It comprises the army, navy, and air force.

Indonesian National Revolution: The armed conflict and political struggle through which Indonesia secured independence from the Netherlands between 1945 and 1949. The military’s founding struggle was part of this broader fight for independence.
Indonesian Army: The land-warfare service of Indonesia’s national military. It is the largest service and has played a prominent role in national politics.
Dwifungsi: The New Order doctrine that assigned the Indonesian military both defense responsibilities and a social-political role in governing. It formalized the military’s political presence during much of the New Order.
Indonesian invasion of East Timor: Indonesia’s military invasion of Portuguese Timor in December 1975, followed by occupation until 1999. The invasion and occupation became defining episodes in the military’s history and international reputation.
People's Security Agency: An Indonesian security organization established in August 1945 that became an early institutional predecessor of the national military. It was the first organized security force created after Indonesia proclaimed independence.
Indonesian Navy: The maritime service of Indonesia’s national military, responsible for naval defense and operations at sea. The archipelago’s geography makes maritime defense central to the military’s mission.
New Order: The Indonesian political order under President Suharto from 1966 to 1998, marked by authoritarian rule and military influence. The armed forces became a major pillar of the regime’s political system.
Indonesian occupation of East Timor: Indonesia’s rule over East Timor from 1975 until the territory’s 1999 vote for independence. The military was deeply involved in the occupation and its coercive security system.
Indonesian National Armed Forces Day: An Indonesian observance on 5 October marking the establishment of the People's Security Army in 1945. The commemoration traces the military’s institutional origins to its revolutionary predecessor.
Indonesian Air Force: The air-warfare service of Indonesia’s national military, responsible for air defense and military aviation. It provides the air power and surveillance needed across Indonesia’s widely dispersed islands.

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