Indus River

The Indus is a major South Asian river flowing from the Tibetan Plateau through India and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. Its basin sustains extensive irrigation and includes the heartland of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization.

Tibetan Plateau: A high-altitude region of Central Asia containing the headwaters of several major Asian rivers. The Indus rises near the plateau’s western edge.
Indus Basin Irrigation System: A network of dams, barrages, canals, and watercourses that irrigates Pakistan’s Indus basin. It diverts river water across one of the world’s largest contiguous irrigation systems.
Indus Valley Civilization: A Bronze Age civilization that flourished in parts of present-day Pakistan and northwestern India. Its settlements developed along the Indus and neighboring rivers.
Indus River floods: Flood events caused by high flows in the Indus and its tributaries. Monsoon rains and mountain runoff can inundate settlements and farmland.
Indus River Delta: A river delta in southern Pakistan where the Indus meets the Arabian Sea. This is where the river’s waters and sediment reach the sea.
Tarbela Dam: A large dam on the Indus River in Pakistan, completed in 1976. It stores Indus water for irrigation and generates hydroelectricity.
Mohenjo-daro: A major planned city of the Indus Valley Civilization in present-day Pakistan. It was an urban center in the river’s lower basin.
Indus River basin: The drainage area whose rivers and runoff ultimately flow into the Indus system. Its climate, terrain, and water use determine the river’s wider impacts.
Zanskar River: A Himalayan river in Ladakh that joins the Indus near Nimmu. It is one of the major tributaries feeding the upper Indus.
Mangla Dam: A major dam on the Jhelum River in Pakistan, completed in 1967. It regulates a major tributary within the Indus basin water system.

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