Knowra Informed consent Informed consent Informed consent is a person’s voluntary agreement to participate in research after receiving relevant information about its purpose, procedures, risks, and alternatives.
Disclosure : The communication of information relevant to a person’s decision. Researchers must explain a study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and alternatives before enrollment.
Research ethics : Principles and practices governing responsible research involving people, animals, or sensitive information. Informed consent is one central safeguard within ethical research involving human participants.
Clinical trial : A study in which human participants are assigned interventions to evaluate health outcomes. Trials require participants to understand experimental treatment, possible harms, and available alternatives.
Assent : A person’s affirmative agreement to participate when they cannot provide legally effective consent. Children may assent, but permission from an authorized adult is usually also required.
Nuremberg Code : A 1947 set of research ethics principles that begins by requiring voluntary consent. Its response to wartime abuses made voluntary agreement a foundational research safeguard.
Decision-making capacity : The ability to understand information, appreciate its relevance, reason about options, and communicate a choice. Valid consent requires the participant to be able to make the decision.
Autonomy : A person’s ability and right to make decisions according to their own values. Consent protects participants’ authority over whether their bodies and data are used.
Pediatric research : Research involving people who have not reached the legal age of adulthood. Children generally provide assent when possible, while a parent or guardian gives permission.
Implied consent : Agreement inferred from conduct or circumstances rather than explicitly communicated. Research participation generally calls for a clear consent process, not mere inferred agreement.
Declaration of Helsinki : A World Medical Association statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human participants. It developed detailed guidance on consent, vulnerable participants, and research protections.
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