ING Group

ING Group is a Dutch multinational financial services company headquartered in Amsterdam. It provides banking, insurance, and investment services, with operations across Europe and other markets.

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Retail banking: Banking services for individuals and households, including deposits, payments, loans, and mortgages. ING serves household customers through current accounts, savings, mortgages, and personal lending.
Nationale-Nederlanden: A Dutch insurance company formed through the 1963 merger of Nationale Levensverzekering-Bank and De Nederlanden van 1845. This insurer combined with NMB Postbank Group to create ING in 1991.
2008–2009 global financial crisis: A worldwide financial and economic crisis triggered by failures and losses across housing and credit markets. The crisis exposed ING to severe losses and led to Dutch state support.
Mortgage loan: A loan secured by real estate, commonly used to finance the purchase of a home. Mortgages are among the principal lending products ING offers to household customers.
Bancassurance: A business model that combines banking and insurance within one financial group. ING once exemplified bancassurance, but its insurance business was later separated.
Commercial banking: Financial services for businesses, including lending, cash management, trade finance, and payments. Business lending and transaction services form a major part of ING’s banking activities.
NMB Postbank Group: A Dutch banking group formed in 1986 from Nederlandsche Middenstandsbank and the state-owned Postbank. Its 1991 merger with Nationale-Nederlanden established ING Group.
Dutch state aid to ING: Capital support and guarantees provided by the Netherlands to ING during the 2008–2009 financial crisis. The rescue brought repayment obligations and restrictions that influenced ING’s subsequent restructuring.
Payment system: A set of institutions, rules, and technologies that transfers money between parties. ING provides payment accounts and services for consumers and businesses.
ABN AMRO: A Dutch bank headquartered in Amsterdam that provides retail, private, and corporate banking services. It is a major Dutch banking peer with a different ownership and corporate history.