Inosine

Inosine is a purine nucleoside consisting of hypoxanthine attached to ribose. It occurs in RNA and forms when adenosine loses an amino group.

Adenosine deaminase: An enzyme that converts adenosine to inosine by removing an amino group. It catalyzes the breakdown of adenosine into inosine.
Nucleoside: A molecule made of a nitrogenous base linked to a sugar, without phosphate groups. Inosine is specifically a purine nucleoside.
Transfer RNA: An RNA molecule that carries an amino acid and pairs its anticodon with an mRNA codon. Some transfer RNAs contain inosine in their anticodons.
Purine salvage: The recycling of purine bases and nucleosides into nucleotides rather than their complete degradation. Cells can recover purine material from inosine through salvage reactions.
RNA editing: The alteration of an RNA sequence after transcription through chemical changes to its nucleotides. Adenosine-to-inosine editing changes how RNA is read and translated.
Nucleotide: A nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups attached. Phosphorylation converts inosine into nucleotide forms used in cells.
Messenger RNA: An RNA molecule that carries protein-coding information from DNA to ribosomes. Inosine editing in messenger RNA can alter codon interpretation.
Uric acid: The final product of purine degradation in humans, excreted chiefly in urine. Inosine breakdown feeds pathways that ultimately produce uric acid.
Wobble base pairing: Flexible pairing between codon and anticodon bases that allows one tRNA to recognize multiple codons. Inosine in a tRNA anticodon can pair with several different RNA bases.
Adenosine: A purine nucleoside composed of adenine linked to ribose. Adenosine differs by one base substituent and is the precursor of inosine.

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