Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture farms species from different trophic levels together, using the waste or by-products of one species as resources for others.

Trophic level: A position in a food chain or food web determined by how an organism obtains energy. The system's species are chosen from different positions in food webs.
Fed aquaculture: Aquaculture in which cultured animals receive externally supplied feed. Fed fish or shrimp commonly generate the nutrient-rich outputs that support other crops.
Salmon–kelp–mussel aquaculture: A marine farming arrangement combining fed salmon with kelp and mussels as extractive species. It illustrates linking dissolved and particulate salmon wastes to separate crops.
Eutrophication: The enrichment of water with nutrients that can drive excessive biological growth and ecosystem change. Nutrient recovery aims to reduce a potential consequence of concentrated aquaculture waste.
Nutrient budgets: Accounting frameworks that quantify nutrient inputs, transformations, storage, and outputs in a system. Budgets reveal how much farm waste companion crops actually capture.
Nutrient cycling: The movement and reuse of chemical elements through organisms and the physical environment. Waste nutrients from fed organisms can support extractive crops.
Extractive aquaculture: Aquaculture that removes nutrients or organic material from the water through cultured organisms. Extractive species recover dissolved or particulate outputs from fed production.
Sea cucumber aquaculture: The cultivation of sea cucumbers for food, restocking, or other commercial purposes. Deposit-feeding sea cucumbers can use organic material settling beneath fish cages.
Nutrient bioextraction: The removal of nutrients from an ecosystem by harvesting organisms that have incorporated them. Harvesting extractive crops can physically remove recovered nutrients from farm waters.
Ecological modeling: The use of mathematical models to represent ecological processes and predict system behavior. Models help estimate crop placement, nutrient flows, and environmental effects.

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