Knowra Intellectual disability Intellectual disability Intellectual disability is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period.
Intellectual functioning : Mental abilities involved in reasoning, learning, problem-solving, and abstract thought. Limitations in these abilities are one defining dimension of intellectual disability.
Intelligence testing : Standardized assessment of cognitive abilities using norm-referenced tasks. Tests help characterize intellectual functioning, alongside developmental history and adaptive assessment.
Individualized education program : A legally documented U.S. education plan specifying special education services for an eligible student. It translates a student's learning needs into educational goals and services.
Specific learning disorder : A developmental disorder involving persistent difficulty in a particular academic skill, despite adequate instruction. It can affect school performance without the broad intellectual and adaptive limitations defining intellectual disability.
Institutionalization of people with intellectual disabilities : The historical confinement of people with intellectual disabilities in large residential institutions. This practice shaped policy and lives before community-based supports expanded.
Adaptive behavior : Conceptual, social, and practical skills used to meet everyday demands. Its limitations distinguish functional support needs from test scores alone.
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales : A standardized instrument measuring adaptive behavior through interviews or questionnaires. It illustrates how practical, social, and communication skills are assessed.
Supported decision-making : An approach in which a person makes their own decisions with chosen assistance. It offers an alternative to replacing a person's choices with substitute decision-making.
Autism spectrum disorder : A neurodevelopmental condition involving social-communication differences and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior. It may co-occur with intellectual disability, but does not by itself imply it.
Deinstitutionalization : The shift from large institutions toward community living and services for people with disabilities. It changed where many people with intellectual disabilities live and receive support.
Show all 25