Intentional tort

An intentional tort is a civil wrong arising from a deliberate act that causes legally recognized harm or invades another person’s protected rights. Liability generally requires intent to perform the act, not necessarily intent to cause the resulting injury.

Intent (law): A mental state involving a purpose to act or knowledge that a consequence is substantially certain to follow. Intent usually concerns the deliberate act or a substantially certain consequence, not a wish to cause harm.
Assault (tort): An intentional tort involving reasonable apprehension of imminent harmful or offensive contact. It protects against the threatened contact itself, even when no contact occurs.
Negligence: A civil wrong involving failure to exercise the legally required standard of care, causing legally recognized harm. Negligence concerns unreasonable carelessness, while an intentional tort requires a deliberate act with the relevant intent.
Punitive damages: Monetary damages imposed to punish especially wrongful conduct and deter similar behavior, where legally permitted. Deliberate or malicious misconduct can support punitive awards in jurisdictions that allow them.
Transferred intent: A doctrine that applies intent directed at one person or tort to another person or tort when specified conditions are met. It can preserve liability when a deliberate act harms someone other than its intended target.
Battery (tort): An intentional tort involving harmful or offensive contact with another person without consent or legal justification. It addresses the completed contact that assault may threaten.
Strict liability: Liability imposed without proof of intent or negligence when specified legal conditions are met. It contrasts with intentional torts, which turn on the defendant’s state of mind.
Respondeat superior: A doctrine that can make an employer liable for an employee’s conduct within the scope of employment. It determines when an organization bears responsibility for an employee’s intentional wrong.
Causation (law): The legal connection between a defendant’s conduct and a plaintiff’s injury. A deliberate act must still be linked legally to the harm supporting the claim.
False imprisonment: An intentional tort involving confinement of a person within boundaries they cannot reasonably escape, without lawful justification. It protects freedom of movement against deliberate, unjustified restraint.

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