Intergenerational transmission

Intergenerational transmission is the passing of beliefs, practices, resources, or social conditions from one generation to the next, through family relationships and wider institutions.

Socialization: The process through which people learn the norms, values, behaviors, and roles of their society. Families and institutions transmit expectations through everyday interaction and instruction.
Social mobility: Movement of individuals or groups between positions in a social hierarchy. Mobility describes departures from inherited social position; transmission helps explain its persistence.
Generation: A group of people born and living around the same time, often linked by shared historical experiences. Transmission depends on distinguishing successive cohorts and their relationships.
Intergenerational trauma: The effects of traumatic experiences that influence descendants through family, social, or biological pathways. It raises questions about how trauma persists and which pathways carry its effects.
Observational learning: Learning that occurs by watching and imitating other people’s behavior. Children can acquire practices by observing caregivers rather than receiving explicit instruction.
Intergenerational mobility: The relationship between a person's social or economic position and that of their parents. It measures how strongly advantages and disadvantages pass between generations.
Nature versus nurture: The distinction between genetic influences and environmental influences on human traits and behavior. It highlights that familial resemblance can arise through both inherited biology and social experience.
Epigenetics: The study of changes in gene activity that do not alter the DNA sequence. Proposed biological transmission requires separating inherited molecular effects from shared environments.
Attachment theory: A psychological framework describing how early relationships shape expectations about closeness and security. Caregiver relationship patterns can influence how people later relate to children and partners.
Educational attainment: The highest level of education an individual has completed. Parents' resources, expectations, and schooling experiences shape children's educational outcomes.

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