International Atomic Energy Agency

The International Atomic Energy Agency is a United Nations organization that promotes peaceful nuclear technology and verifies that nuclear materials are not diverted to weapons.

Nuclear safeguards: Measures used to verify that nuclear materials and facilities are not diverted from peaceful purposes. They are the Agency’s main means of checking states’ nuclear commitments.
Atoms for Peace: A 1953 proposal by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower to promote peaceful international uses of atomic energy. The initiative helped frame the Agency’s founding mission.
Nuclear safety: The prevention and mitigation of accidents and radiation harm in nuclear activities. The Agency develops standards and supports international cooperation on safe operation.
Iran nuclear deal: The 2015 agreement that limited Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief, formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. The Agency monitored and reported on Iran’s nuclear commitments under the agreement.
Nuclear latency: A state’s ability to develop nuclear weapons relatively quickly without currently possessing them. Safeguards must assess capabilities and activities that can remain short of weapon production.
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: A treaty that seeks to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons while supporting peaceful nuclear cooperation and disarmament. Its safeguards provisions assign the Agency a central verification role.
IAEA Statute: The founding document that establishes the Agency’s purposes, functions, and governance. It set the legal basis for promoting peaceful uses and applying safeguards.
Nuclear security: Measures to prevent, detect, and respond to theft, sabotage, or unauthorized access involving nuclear or radioactive material. The Agency assists states in protecting material and facilities against malicious acts.
North Korea and weapons of mass destruction: North Korea’s development of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, in defiance of international restrictions. The Agency’s inspections and reporting have figured in efforts to address North Korea’s nuclear program.
Nuclear breakout: The rapid production of enough weapons-grade fissile material for a nuclear weapon. Estimating breakout potential is a recurring challenge in monitoring sensitive enrichment programs.

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