Knowra International criminal law International criminal law International criminal law defines crimes that concern the international community, assigns criminal responsibility to individuals, and governs their prosecution in national or international courts.
Genocide : Genocide is a set of acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. It is one of the four core crimes prosecuted under modern international criminal law.
International Criminal Court : The International Criminal Court is a permanent treaty-based court that prosecutes individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression. It is the principal permanent court created specifically to prosecute international crimes.
Nuremberg trials : The Nuremberg trials were postwar proceedings in which Allied tribunals prosecuted leading Nazi officials for international crimes. They established prominent precedents for individual responsibility under international law.
International humanitarian law : International humanitarian law regulates conduct during armed conflict and protects people who are not, or are no longer, participating in hostilities. Its rules supply much of the conduct that war-crime prosecutions enforce.
Individual criminal responsibility : Individual criminal responsibility is the attribution of criminal liability to a person for conduct meeting the elements of an offense and applicable liability rules. It is the field’s defining shift from treating atrocities solely as acts of states.
Crimes against humanity : Crimes against humanity are specified acts committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population. This offense addresses organized attacks on civilians, even without an armed-conflict link.
Complementarity : Complementarity is the principle that the International Criminal Court acts only when states with jurisdiction are unwilling or unable genuinely to investigate or prosecute. It defines the Court’s relationship to national proceedings.
Tokyo Trials : The Tokyo Trials were postwar proceedings in which the International Military Tribunal for the Far East prosecuted Japanese leaders for wartime crimes. They extended postwar international prosecutions beyond Europe.
International human rights law : International human rights law sets obligations on states to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of people under their jurisdiction. It overlaps factually with atrocity cases but generally regulates state obligations rather than individual criminal guilt.
Victim participation in the International Criminal Court : Victim participation in the International Criminal Court allows victims to present their views and concerns in proceedings when their personal interests are affected. It shows how international criminal proceedings can include victims beyond their role as witnesses.
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