Knowra International sanctions International sanctions International sanctions are restrictive measures imposed by states or international organizations to influence conduct or respond to breaches of international norms. They can target trade, finance, travel, arms, or specific people and entities.
United Nations Security Council sanctions : Restrictive measures adopted by the UN Security Council under the UN Charter to maintain or restore international peace and security. They are the main sanctions system authorized collectively under the UN Charter.
Sanctions against South Africa : International and national restrictions imposed on apartheid-era South Africa, especially during the 1980s. The campaign illustrates sanctions used to oppose a system of racial domination.
League of Nations : An intergovernmental organization founded after World War I to promote peace and cooperation. Its covenant established an early system of collective economic pressure against aggressors.
Sanctions effectiveness : The extent to which sanctions achieve the political or security goals set by their imposers. Effectiveness depends on the target, demands, enforcement, and willingness to endure costs.
Diplomacy : The management of relations between political entities through negotiation, representation, and communication. Diplomacy seeks change through engagement, though it can accompany sanctions.
Unilateral sanctions : Restrictive measures imposed by one state or jurisdiction without authorization from a multilateral body. They show how sanctions can be imposed outside the Security Council framework.
Sanctions against Iraq : Broad UN restrictions imposed on Iraq after its 1990 invasion of Kuwait and maintained through the 1990s. This case exposed the civilian costs of comprehensive economic restrictions.
United Nations Charter : The 1945 treaty that established the United Nations and defines its purposes, powers, and institutions. Articles 39–41 provide the legal basis for Security Council sanctions.
Humanitarian impact of sanctions : The effects of sanctions on civilian health, welfare, access to goods, and essential services. Restrictions can harm civilians even when governments or armed groups are their intended targets.
International law : The body of rules and principles governing relations among states and other international actors. Questions about authority, legality, and obligations place sanctions within this wider framework.
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