Internet service provider

An internet service provider (ISP) connects individuals or organizations to the internet, often providing services such as email, web hosting, or domain registration.

Broadband: High-capacity internet access that carries data at faster rates than traditional dial-up connections. Many residential ISP plans are sold as broadband service.
Internet hosting service: A service that provides computing resources for websites, applications, or other internet content. Some ISPs host customer websites alongside providing connectivity.
Wireless internet service provider: An ISP that delivers internet access primarily through wireless links. WISPs serve customers where wired broadband networks are unavailable or uneconomical.
Net neutrality: The principle that internet access providers should treat online traffic without unjust discrimination. ISP traffic management and paid prioritization are central to net neutrality debates.
Commercial Internet exchange: A network interconnection facility established to support commercial internet traffic exchange. Early commercial exchanges helped networks carry traffic beyond research backbones.
Digital subscriber line: A broadband technology that transmits digital data over copper telephone lines. Telephone companies can use existing copper lines to deliver internet access.
Email hosting service: A service that stores and delivers email for users under a provider-managed account or domain. ISPs have historically bundled email accounts with internet subscriptions.
Mobile network operator: A company that owns or operates a mobile telecommunications network and sells cellular services. Mobile operators provide internet access over cellular networks rather than fixed broadband alone.
Last mile: The final connection linking a communications network to an end user. Limited last-mile competition can constrain customer choice and shape access prices.
National Science Foundation Network: A United States research network that formed a major backbone of the early internet. Its restrictions on commercial traffic shaped the transition toward commercial internet providers.

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