Interoception

Interoception is the sensing and interpretation of signals arising inside the body, including signals about heartbeat, breathing, temperature, and hunger.

Visceral sensory system: The neural pathways that carry sensory information from internal organs to the central nervous system. It carries many organ-derived signals that interoception detects.
Proprioception: The sense of the body's position and movement, based largely on signals from muscles and joints. It concerns body position rather than internal physiological conditions.
Emotion: A coordinated state involving subjective feeling, physiological changes, and behavioral responses. Bodily signals contribute to the felt quality and interpretation of emotion.
Heartbeat perception: The perception or estimation of one's own heartbeat without directly feeling the pulse externally. It is a widely used, but debated, measure of interoceptive performance.
Vagus nerve: A cranial nerve carrying sensory and motor signals between the brain and organs in the chest and abdomen. Its sensory fibers convey information from organs to the brain.
Exteroception: The perception of stimuli originating outside the body, such as light, sound, and touch. It contrasts with signals originating within the body.
Anxiety: A state of apprehension and heightened anticipation of possible threat. Heightened attention to bodily signals can shape anxiety and its symptoms.
Interoceptive accuracy: The correspondence between a person's report of bodily signals and an external measure of those signals. Researchers distinguish accurate detection from confidence or subjective awareness.
Baroreceptor: A stretch-sensitive receptor that detects changes in blood pressure in blood vessels. Baroreceptors provide pressure signals used in heartbeat-related interoception.
Nociception: The nervous system's detection and processing of potentially tissue-damaging stimuli. Pain-related signals can arise internally and interact with interoceptive perception.

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