Interrogation

Interrogation is systematic questioning intended to obtain information, testimony, or admissions. Its methods and legal limits vary with the setting, purpose, and jurisdiction.

Cognitive interview: An investigative interview method that uses memory-retrieval techniques to elicit detailed accounts from witnesses. Its open-ended prompts seek accurate recall without steering answers.
Reid technique: A US law-enforcement method combining behavioral analysis with accusatory interrogation tactics. Its confession-oriented approach contrasts with non-accusatory information gathering.
Miranda warning: A US warning that informs a person in custody of rights before custodial interrogation. It addresses the risk that custodial questioning will override constitutional protections.
Brown v. Mississippi: A 1936 US Supreme Court case that overturned convictions based on confessions extracted by violence. The Court ruled that convictions resting on brutal coercion violated due process.
Rapport (communication): A relationship of mutual understanding and trust that supports effective communication. Building rapport can encourage cooperation without relying on coercion.
PEACE method: A non-coercive investigative interviewing framework developed for UK law enforcement. It emphasizes planning, open accounts, and evaluation rather than pressure to confess.
Right to remain silent: A legal protection against being compelled to provide self-incriminating testimony. It limits compelled answers during questioning in legal proceedings and some interrogations.
Miranda v. Arizona: A 1966 US Supreme Court case establishing safeguards for custodial interrogation. The decision required warnings about silence and counsel before custodial questioning.
Leading question: A question phrased to suggest or imply a particular answer. Suggestive wording can shape answers and contaminate testimony.
Investigative interviewing: The structured questioning of people to gather reliable information for an investigation. It is the broader practice that includes both suspect interrogation and witness interviews.

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