Invasive species management

Invasive species management uses prevention, detection, containment, eradication, or sustained control to limit ecological, economic, or human harm caused by non-native species.

Pathway management: Measures that reduce the movement of organisms along routes such as shipping, trade, and travel. Blocking introduction routes can prevent invasions before control becomes necessary.
Island restoration: The recovery of island ecosystems through actions such as removing invasive species and restoring native communities. Islands often support eradication projects with measurable ecosystem benefits.
Eradication versus control: A distinction between eliminating a target population entirely and reducing it without removing it from an area. This choice determines whether a program aims for a finite campaign or continuing effort.
Non-target effects: Unintended effects of a control action on organisms or systems other than its intended target. A method that suppresses an invader can also harm native species or ecosystem processes.
Invasion ecology: The study of how non-native species establish, spread, and affect ecosystems. Management depends on ecological processes that determine which species spread and cause harm.
Early detection and rapid response: A strategy that finds new invasions quickly and acts before populations become widespread. Small, newly detected populations are often more feasible to eradicate.
Brown tree snake control: Efforts to suppress or prevent the spread of the brown tree snake, especially on Guam. This case illustrates intensive control of a predator that devastated native island wildlife.
Chemical control: The use of pesticides or other chemical substances to kill or suppress unwanted organisms. Chemical treatments can be effective but raise concerns about non-target effects and persistence.
Trophic cascade: An ecological chain reaction in which changes at one trophic level affect other levels. Removing an invasive predator or herbivore can trigger indirect changes throughout a food web.
Shifting baseline syndrome: The gradual acceptance of degraded environmental conditions as normal because each generation uses a different baseline. It complicates decisions about what ecosystem state management should restore.

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