Investment

Investment is the use of resources to acquire or create assets expected to yield future benefits, such as income, productive capacity, or appreciation.

Capital budgeting: The process of evaluating and selecting long-term projects based on their expected costs, benefits, and risks. It compares projects before resources are committed to an investment.
Capital (economics): Produced assets used to create goods and services, including machinery, buildings, and infrastructure. Investment can expand the productive capital available to an economy.
Portfolio investment: Investment in financial securities held for returns rather than control of the issuing enterprise. It applies investment decisions to bundles of tradable financial assets.
Saving: The portion of income not spent on current consumption. Saving preserves resources; investment commits them to assets expected to generate future benefits.
Net present value: The present value of expected cash inflows minus the present value of expected cash outflows. It measures whether an investment is expected to create value after accounting for timing.
Financial asset: A contract or claim whose value derives from an issuer, an underlying asset, or future cash flows. Many investments acquire financial claims rather than directly creating productive equipment.
Foreign direct investment: Cross-border investment that gives an investor a lasting interest and significant influence in a foreign enterprise. It combines asset acquisition with operational influence across national borders.
Consumption (economics): The use of goods and services to satisfy current needs and wants. Consumption provides present benefits, unlike investment's intended future payoff.
Discounted cash flow: A valuation method that estimates an asset's value by discounting its expected future cash flows. It converts an investment's future benefits into an estimate of value today.
Return on investment: A measure of investment gain or loss relative to the resources invested. It expresses the benefits of an investment in relation to its cost.

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