Iodic acid

Iodic acid is an inorganic oxoacid with the formula HIO₃, in which iodine has oxidation state +5. It is a strong oxidizing agent and forms iodate salts.

Iodate: Iodate is the anion IO₃⁻, formed when iodic acid loses a proton. This conjugate base is the ion present in iodic acid’s salts.
Oxoacid: An oxoacid is an acid containing hydrogen, oxygen, and another element bonded within an oxyanion framework. Iodic acid belongs to this family of oxygen-containing acids.
Iodometric titration: Iodometric titration determines an oxidant’s amount by measuring iodine released and titrating it with thiosulfate. Iodic acid can serve as a primary-standard oxidant in iodometric analysis.
Hypoiodous acid: Hypoiodous acid is an unstable iodine oxoacid, HIO, with iodine in the +1 oxidation state. It has fewer oxygen atoms and a lower iodine oxidation state.
Iodine: Iodine is a halogen element with atomic number 53 that forms compounds in several oxidation states. Its +5 oxidation state defines the central atom’s chemistry in HIO₃.
Chemical formula: A chemical formula shows the elements and relative numbers of atoms in a substance. HIO₃ records the composition of iodic acid.
Potassium iodate: Potassium iodate is the ionic compound KIO₃, a stable salt containing iodate anions. It is a convenient solid source of iodate related to iodic acid.
Iodous acid: Iodous acid is the iodine(III) oxoacid HIO₂, known chiefly through its unstable aqueous chemistry. Its +3 iodine state lies below iodic acid’s +5 state.
Oxidation state: An oxidation state is a formal charge assigned to an atom under a set of bonding conventions. The +5 assignment distinguishes iodic acid from iodine’s other oxoacids.
Covalent bond: A covalent bond forms when atoms share electron pairs. Covalent bonding connects iodine and oxygen in the acid molecule.

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