Iran nuclear deal

The 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was an agreement among Iran and six world powers that restricted Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief.

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action: The formal name of the 2015 agreement restricting Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief. The deal’s official text specifies its commitments, timelines, and enforcement framework.
Iran nuclear program: Iran’s civilian and disputed nuclear activities, including uranium enrichment and nuclear research. The deal addressed a nuclear program whose scale and direction had become an international dispute.
Barack Obama: The 44th president of the United States, who pursued the JCPOA as a major diplomatic initiative. Obama’s administration negotiated the deal and presented it as a way to constrain Iran’s nuclear program.
United States withdrawal from the JCPOA: The United States’ 2018 decision to leave the nuclear agreement and restore sanctions on Iran. The withdrawal ended U.S. participation and weakened the agreement’s economic bargain.
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: An international treaty that seeks to prevent nuclear weapons spread, promote peaceful nuclear energy, and advance disarmament. The JCPOA added Iran-specific limits to obligations established by the broader nonproliferation treaty.
Iran nuclear safeguards: Measures that monitor nuclear materials and activities in Iran to verify compliance with nonproliferation obligations. Safeguards and inspections supplied evidence about whether Iran met the deal’s nuclear commitments.
Iran nuclear crisis: The international dispute over Iran’s nuclear activities and the possibility of nuclear weapons development. The crisis created the diplomatic and economic pressure that produced the 2015 agreement.
Hassan Rouhani: Iranian president from 2013 to 2021, whose government negotiated and implemented the JCPOA. Rouhani’s government pursued sanctions relief through negotiations with world powers.
Maximum pressure campaign: The Trump administration’s strategy of imposing extensive sanctions to pressure Iran into a broader agreement. It followed U.S. withdrawal and sharply increased economic pressure on Iran.
Libya and weapons of mass destruction: Libya’s 2003 decision to abandon its weapons-of-mass-destruction programs in exchange for improved international relations. Libya’s disarmament model differed from the JCPOA’s negotiated limits on an ongoing nuclear program.

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