Ireland

Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic, divided politically between the sovereign state of Ireland and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom.

Republic of Ireland: The sovereign state officially named Ireland, occupying most of the island. It governs the island’s larger southern and western portion.
Celtic Ireland: The societies and cultures associated with Celtic languages in ancient and medieval Ireland. Its languages and traditions left lasting marks across the island.
Irish War of Independence: The 1919–1921 conflict between Irish republican forces and British rule in Ireland. Its outcome led to the treaty and political settlement that partitioned the island.
Dublin: The capital and largest city of Ireland, on the island’s east coast. It is the political and cultural center of the sovereign state.
Northern Ireland: A constituent country of the United Kingdom occupying the northeastern part of Ireland. It shares the island with the sovereign state of Ireland.
Viking Age in Ireland: The period of Viking raids, settlements, and political influence in Ireland, beginning in the late eighth century. Norse settlements helped establish towns including Dublin.
Anglo-Irish Treaty: The 1921 agreement that established the Irish Free State while allowing Northern Ireland to remain in the United Kingdom. It formalized the political settlement that left the island divided.
Belfast: The capital and largest city of Northern Ireland. It is the principal urban center in the island’s northeastern jurisdiction.
Irish Sea: A sea separating Ireland from Great Britain. It forms the island’s eastern maritime boundary.
Norman invasion of Ireland: The Anglo-Norman military intervention in Ireland that began in 1169. It initiated centuries of English and later British involvement.

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