Irgun

Irgun was a Jewish underground paramilitary organization active in Mandatory Palestine from 1931 to 1948. It fought British rule and sought to establish a Jewish state through armed operations.

Haganah: The principal Jewish defense organization in Mandatory Palestine, founded in 1920 and later integrated into the Israel Defense Forces. Irgun split from Haganah and often used more aggressive tactics, though the groups sometimes cooperated.
1929 Palestine riots: A wave of intercommunal violence in Mandatory Palestine that killed hundreds of Jews and Arabs. The violence intensified disputes over how Jewish communities should defend themselves.
Menachem Begin: An Irgun commander from 1943 to 1948 who later became Israel’s prime minister. Begin led Irgun through its final campaign against British rule and its transition into statehood.
Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine: The armed campaign by Jewish underground groups against British rule in Palestine, especially from 1944 to 1948. Irgun was one of the principal organizations in this broader insurgency.
Lehi: A Jewish underground organization that fought British rule in Mandatory Palestine from 1940 until Israel’s independence. Like Irgun, Lehi pursued armed revolt against British rule, but operated independently.
Avraham Tehomi: A Jewish military commander who led the breakaway group that founded Irgun in 1931. Tehomi’s departure from Haganah established the organization’s initial leadership.
David Raziel: An Irgun commander from 1938 to 1941 who was killed during a British-led operation in Iraq. Raziel organized Irgun’s command structure before Begin took over.
1948 Palestine war: The war that followed Israel’s declaration of independence and produced major territorial and demographic changes. Irgun’s final operations occurred during the war, before its integration into the Israeli army.
King David Hotel bombing: A 1946 Irgun bombing of the British administrative headquarters in Jerusalem that killed 91 people. The attack became Irgun’s most consequential operation and provoked widespread condemnation.
Revisionist Zionism: A Zionist political movement advocating Jewish statehood on both banks of the Jordan River and a more assertive national policy. Irgun drew much of its ideology and political support from this movement.

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