Irish Americans

Irish Americans are people in the United States with Irish ancestry or cultural heritage, shaped by successive migrations from Ireland and generations of life in America.

Irish diaspora: The worldwide dispersal of people of Irish origin and their descendants. Irish Americans form one of the diaspora’s largest communities.
Irish Americans in New York City: The Irish American population and its institutions, neighborhoods, and history in New York City. New York became a central port and cultural hub for Irish migrants.
John F. Kennedy: The 35th president of the United States, in office from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. His presidency made Irish Catholic ancestry newly visible in national politics.
Irish Americans and the American labor movement: The participation of Irish immigrants and their descendants in U.S. unions, strikes, and workers’ organizations. Irish workers became prominent in industries that organized for better conditions.
Irish Canadians: Canadians with Irish ancestry or cultural heritage. Their history provides a neighboring North American comparison shaped by different institutions.
Great Famine (Ireland): The mass starvation and disease crisis in Ireland from 1845 to 1852, driven by potato blight and political conditions. Famine-era flight brought millions of Irish migrants to North America.
Irish Americans in Boston: The Irish American population and its political and cultural history in Boston. Boston’s large Irish community became prominent in the city’s public life.
Tip O'Neill: Thomas P. O'Neill Jr., the Democratic speaker of the U.S. House from 1977 to 1987. His career exemplified Irish American influence in congressional politics.
Irish Americans and machine politics: The role of Irish American communities in urban political organizations built around patronage and party loyalty. Irish immigrants and descendants helped shape Democratic city machines.
Italian Americans: Americans with Italian ancestry or cultural heritage. Their later mass migration offers a contrast in timing and community formation.

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