Irish Parliamentary Party

The Irish Parliamentary Party was a nationalist party that pursued Irish self-government through the British Parliament, especially from the 1880s to 1918.

Home Rule movement: A campaign for Irish self-government within the United Kingdom, pursued mainly through constitutional politics. The party became the principal parliamentary vehicle for this campaign.
Irish Parliamentary Party discipline: The party's system of coordinated voting and centralized parliamentary control. Discipline let its MPs bargain collectively despite being a minority.
John Redmond: An Irish politician who led the Irish Parliamentary Party from 1900 until 1918. He guided the party through the passage of the Third Home Rule Bill and the First World War.
First Home Rule Bill: Gladstone's 1886 bill to establish an Irish legislature, defeated in the House of Commons. Its defeat revealed both the promise and limits of the party's parliamentary strategy.
Irish Republican Brotherhood: A secret Irish republican organization that sought independence from British rule through revolutionary means. Its revolutionary method contrasted with the party's pursuit of self-government through Parliament.
Irish National Land League: An organization founded in 1879 to secure fair rents, tenant security, and peasant ownership in Ireland. Its land agitation helped create the political movement from which the party emerged.
Parliamentary obstruction: The use of parliamentary rules and debate to delay or impede legislative business. The party used obstruction to force Irish grievances onto Westminster's agenda.
John Dillon: An Irish nationalist politician who succeeded John Redmond as leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party in 1918. His leadership came as the party faced electoral collapse and Sinn Féin's rise.
Second Home Rule Bill: Gladstone's 1893 bill for Irish self-government, passed by the Commons and rejected by the House of Lords. The bill advanced further than its predecessor but still failed to create self-government.
Irish Unionist Alliance: A political alliance formed in 1891 to oppose Irish Home Rule and preserve the Union with Britain. It organized parliamentary opposition to the party's central constitutional aim.

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