Irish Republican Brotherhood

The Irish Republican Brotherhood was a secret oath-bound organization founded in 1858 to establish an independent Irish republic, chiefly through armed insurrection.

James Stephens: James Stephens was an Irish revolutionary and the principal founder of the Irish Republican Brotherhood. He founded the Brotherhood in Dublin in 1858 after returning from exile in France.
Fenian Rising: The Fenian Rising was an unsuccessful Irish republican insurrection launched in 1867. It was the Brotherhood's major early attempt to turn clandestine organization into armed revolt.
Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa: Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa was an Irish Fenian organizer imprisoned for revolutionary activity and later exiled to the United States. His imprisonment and public profile made him a symbol of the Brotherhood's militant tradition.
Easter Rising: The Easter Rising was an Irish republican insurrection in Dublin and elsewhere in April 1916. IRB organizers planned the rising, which transformed public attitudes toward Irish independence.
John O'Mahony: John O'Mahony was an Irish nationalist who helped found the Fenian Brotherhood in the United States. His American organization became the Brotherhood's transatlantic counterpart.
Fenian Dynamite Campaign: The Fenian Dynamite Campaign was a series of bombings in Britain organized by Irish republican militants in the 1880s. Some Brotherhood members later pursued urban attacks rather than a mass rising.
Thomas Clarke (Irish revolutionary): Thomas Clarke was an Irish revolutionary and Irish Republican Brotherhood member who helped plan the 1916 Easter Rising. He carried the Brotherhood's clandestine organizing into the generation that launched the Easter Rising.
Irish War of Independence: The Irish War of Independence was the conflict between Irish republican forces and British rule from 1919 to 1921. The Brotherhood's organizing tradition fed the revolutionary movement that fought this war.
Young Ireland: Young Ireland was a mid-nineteenth-century Irish nationalist movement that advocated cultural revival and political independence. Its failed 1848 rebellion and revolutionary networks preceded the Brotherhood's formation.
Irish Republican Army (1919–1922): The Irish Republican Army was the armed force of the Irish republic during the Irish War of Independence. The Brotherhood helped shape the revolutionary networks from which the later IRA emerged.

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