Isidore of Kiev

Isidore of Kiev was a Greek churchman who served as Metropolitan of Kiev and Moscow and became a Catholic cardinal after supporting the union of the Eastern and Western churches.

John VIII Palaiologos: John VIII Palaiologos was Byzantine emperor from 1425 to 1448, seeking Western support against the Ottoman Empire. The emperor sponsored the delegation and church union that Isidore championed.
Council of Florence: The Council of Florence was a 15th-century church council that proclaimed reunion between Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Isidore led the Russian delegation and signed the council's union decree in 1439.
Autocephaly of the Russian Orthodox Church: The autocephaly of the Russian Orthodox Church was its eventual independence from the authority of Constantinople's patriarch. Isidore's deposition accelerated Moscow's move toward appointing its own metropolitan.
Eastern Orthodox Church: The Eastern Orthodox Church is the communion of churches that developed from the eastern Christian tradition. Its clergy and communities largely rejected the union Isidore promoted.
Pope Eugene IV: Pope Eugene IV led the Catholic Church from 1431 to 1447 and presided over the Council of Florence. Eugene received Isidore into the Catholic hierarchy after the council's union agreement.
Union of Florence: The Union of Florence was the 1439 agreement proclaiming the reunion of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Its acceptance defined Isidore's ecclesiastical policy and provoked his opponents.
Jonah of Moscow: Jonah of Moscow was metropolitan of Moscow from 1448 until 1461, appointed without approval from Constantinople. Jonah succeeded Isidore in Moscow and embodied the church's growing independence.
Roman Catholic Church: The Roman Catholic Church is the Christian church headed by the bishop of Rome, the pope. Isidore's later career placed him within the institution whose authority the union affirmed.
Basil II of Moscow: Basil II was grand prince of Moscow from 1425 to 1462, with interruptions during civil war. Basil II had Isidore arrested after the metropolitan proclaimed the union in Moscow.
Council of Basel: The Council of Basel was a 15th-century Catholic council marked by conflict over papal authority and church reform. The council's transfer to Ferrara and Florence shaped the setting of Isidore's diplomatic mission.

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