Islam

Islam is a monotheistic religion centered on worship of one God and the teachings of the prophet Muhammad, recorded in the Quran.

Quran: The central scripture of Islam, understood by Muslims as God’s revelation to Muhammad in Arabic. It records the revelations that form Islam’s foundational scripture.
Salat: The prescribed ritual prayer performed by Muslims at designated times each day. It is the regular act of worship at the center of daily practice.
Mecca: A city in western Arabia that contains the Kaaba and is Islam’s holiest city. Muhammad’s preaching began there, and Islamic prayer is directed toward it.
Sunni Islam: The largest branch of Islam, whose religious authority developed through communal tradition and scholarly interpretation. It represents one major tradition within the religion.
Islamic Golden Age: A period of flourishing scholarship and cultural production across parts of the Islamic world, especially from the eighth to thirteenth centuries. It highlights intellectual institutions and achievements in Muslim-ruled societies.
Muhammad: The seventh-century Arabian religious and political leader whom Muslims regard as God’s final prophet. His teachings and example are central to Islamic belief and practice.
Zakat: A required form of almsgiving in Islam, commonly calculated from qualifying wealth. It turns religious duty into structured support for people in need.
Medina: A city in western Arabia where Muhammad established the first Muslim community after the Hijra. Its early community shaped Islam’s religious and political formation.
Shia Islam: A major branch of Islam that recognizes Ali and his descendants as the rightful leaders of the Muslim community. Its account of leadership differs from the Sunni tradition.
Islamic jurisprudence: The scholarly interpretation of Islamic sources into legal principles and rulings. It developed diverse methods for applying religious guidance to changing circumstances.

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