Islamic New Year

The observance marking the first day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar. It commemorates the beginning of a new Hijri year.

Muharram: The first month of the Islamic lunar calendar and one of its four sacred months. The observance takes place on this month's first day.
Lunar calendar: A calendar organized around cycles of the Moon's phases. The Islamic year follows lunar months rather than the solar year.
Umar ibn al-Khattab: The second caliph, who ruled the early Muslim community from 634 to 644 CE. Tradition credits his caliphate with establishing the Hijri calendar's era.
Islamic New Year in Indonesia: Local observances of the Hijri New Year among Muslim communities in Indonesia. Indonesian practices include public gatherings and traditions associated with Suro.
Hijra: The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. The Hijri calendar counts years from this migration, which gives the new year its historical frame.
Crescent moon: The visible curved phase of the Moon shortly after new moon or before waning. Traditional month-start determination can depend on sighting the crescent.
Medina: A city in western Arabia where Muhammad and his followers settled after leaving Mecca. The migration to Medina anchors the calendar's historical epoch.
Suro: The Javanese name for the first month of the Islamic calendar and its associated cultural season. Javanese new-year customs may extend across the month rather than focus on one day.
Ashura: The tenth day of Muharram, observed differently by Sunni and Shia Muslims. Its prominent observances fall soon after the new year's opening.
Lunar month: The interval used to define a month by a cycle of lunar phases. Twelve lunar months make the Hijri year shorter than a solar year.

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