Isoetes

Isoetes is a genus of small aquatic or amphibious plants called quillworts. Its species produce spores in swollen leaf bases and often grow in seasonal wetlands or shallow water.

Lycophyte: A vascular plant lineage that includes clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts. Isoetes is the sole living genus in the lycophyte order Isoetales.
Megaspore: A large spore that develops into a female gametophyte in heterosporous plants. The larger of Isoetes's two spores produces the female gametophyte.
Aquatic plant: A plant adapted to grow partly or entirely in water. Isoetes includes submerged species as well as plants of seasonally wet ground.
Isoetales: An order of lycophytes represented today by the genus Isoetes. Living quillworts are the surviving members of this ancient plant order.
Species complex: A group of closely related species whose boundaries are difficult to distinguish. Similar-looking quillwort populations can conceal distinct or hybrid lineages.
Corm: A short, swollen underground stem that stores nutrients and bears roots and shoots. Quillwort leaves and roots arise from a compact corm, often divided into lobes.
Microspore: A small spore that develops into a male gametophyte in heterosporous plants. Quillwort microspores develop into male gametophytes that produce sperm.
Isoetes lacustris: A quillwort species that grows submerged in oligotrophic lakes of northern regions. This lake-dwelling species illustrates adaptation to clear, nutrient-poor water.
Lepidodendron: An extinct genus of large, tree-like lycophytes that flourished in Carboniferous coal forests. Its distant relationship to quillworts connects tiny living plants to extinct forest giants.
Plant taxonomy: The science of naming, describing, and classifying plants. Quillwort identification relies on taxonomic characters that can vary across habitats.

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