Israeli strikes on Iran

A series of Israeli attacks on Iranian nuclear, military, and other targets beginning June 13, 2025, followed by Iranian retaliatory strikes.

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Operation Rising Lion: The Israeli military operation launched against Iran on June 13, 2025. This was Israel’s name for the opening phase of the strikes.
Iran nuclear program: Iran’s effort to develop nuclear technology, including uranium enrichment and related research. Israeli leaders identified the program as a central reason for attacking Iran.
Iranian nuclear facilities: Sites in Iran used for uranium enrichment, nuclear research, and related activities. Several facilities were struck, raising questions about damage and nuclear safety.
Operation True Promise: Iran’s name for its 2024 missile and drone attacks against Israel. Those earlier direct exchanges provide a precedent for Iran’s retaliation in 2025.
Iranian missile attacks on Israel: Iranian missile and drone attacks directed at Israel, including the retaliatory strikes of June 2025. Iran responded to the Israeli campaign with attacks on Israeli territory.
Iran–Israel proxy conflict: A prolonged regional confrontation in which Iran and Israel have backed opposing forces and conducted covert or direct attacks. The strikes escalated a longstanding conflict into sustained direct combat.
Natanz nuclear facility: Iran’s major uranium-enrichment complex in Isfahan province. Natanz was among the nuclear sites targeted during the campaign.
Iran–Israel conflict: The broader political and military confrontation between Iran and Israel. The 2025 campaign was a particularly large episode within this wider conflict.
Israeli Air Force: The air warfare branch of the Israel Defense Forces. Israeli aircraft carried out a major share of the attacks inside Iran.
Iran nuclear deal: The 2015 agreement that limited Iran’s nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief. The deal’s unraveling preceded renewed disputes over enrichment and safeguards.