Itamar Franco

Itamar Franco was a Brazilian politician who served as president from 1992 to 1995. His administration launched the Real Plan, which ended hyperinflation and stabilized Brazil’s currency.

Real Plan: A Brazilian economic stabilization program launched in 1994 that introduced the real and sharply reduced inflation. Franco’s government launched this program, making it the defining economic legacy of his presidency.
Unit of Real Value: A temporary Brazilian unit of account introduced in 1994 to bridge prices from the old currency to the real. It separated price measurement from the depreciating cruzeiro real before the new currency arrived.
Fernando Collor de Mello: A Brazilian politician who served as president from 1990 until his resignation during impeachment proceedings in 1992. Collor’s resignation elevated his vice president, Franco, to the presidency.
Rubens Ricupero: A Brazilian diplomat and politician who served as finance minister during the Real Plan’s launch. Ricupero succeeded Cardoso as finance minister and helped sustain the plan’s public credibility.
Brazilian real: Brazil’s currency, introduced in 1994 as the final stage of the Real Plan. The currency established during Franco’s presidency gave the stabilization program a lasting institutional form.
Plano Real: The Brazilian economic reform program that stabilized prices and introduced the real in 1994. This broader program coordinated fiscal measures, a transitional unit of account, and the new currency.
Impeachment of Fernando Collor de Mello: The 1992 Brazilian political process that led to Collor’s resignation while the Senate considered his removal from office. The impeachment crisis created the succession that brought Franco into the presidency.
Ciro Gomes: A Brazilian politician who served as finance minister from 1994 to 1995 and later ran for president. Gomes took over the finance ministry near the end of Franco’s term, as the real gained acceptance.
Fernando Henrique Cardoso: A Brazilian sociologist and politician who served as president from 1995 to 2002 after leading the Real Plan as finance minister. As Franco’s finance minister, Cardoso directed the plan that became central to his own presidential campaign.
Brazilian cruzeiro real: Brazil’s currency from 1993 until 1994, replaced by the real during the final stage of the Real Plan. The cruzeiro real was the currency the plan replaced when it introduced the real.

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