IUPAC nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a system for assigning chemical names according to rules established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Its names encode a compound’s composition or molecular structure.

Chemical nomenclature: A system of rules for naming chemical substances. IUPAC nomenclature is the internationally standardized system within this broader practice.
Parent hydride: A fundamental hydride structure from which substitutive chemical names can be derived. Selecting the parent establishes the main framework represented in the name.
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: An international organization that develops standards and recommendations for chemistry. IUPAC coordinates the recommendations behind the nomenclature system.
CAS Registry Number: A unique numerical identifier assigned to a chemical substance by Chemical Abstracts Service. Unlike a systematic name, this identifier does not encode molecular structure.
Common name: A widely used name for a substance that is not necessarily generated by formal nomenclature rules. Common names such as water can be familiar without following systematic naming conventions.
Organic chemistry: The study of carbon-containing compounds, especially their structures, properties, and reactions. Its naming rules are especially elaborate for carbon frameworks and functional groups.
Substitutive nomenclature: A naming method that treats atoms or groups as replacing hydrogen atoms in a parent structure. It is a central method for naming many organic compounds.
IUPAC Blue Book: The IUPAC publication setting recommendations for naming organic compounds. It is the principal reference for modern organic nomenclature rules.
Simplified molecular-input line-entry system: A textual notation that encodes a molecule’s structure as a string of characters. SMILES represents structure computationally rather than spelling it as a nomenclature name.
Retained name: A traditional chemical name preserved for use in systematic nomenclature. IUPAC retains selected familiar names rather than replacing every one with a fully systematic form.

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