Ivan III of Russia

Ivan III ruled as grand prince of Moscow from 1462 to 1505, expanding Muscovite power and ending the Golden Horde’s authority over Moscow.

Great Stand on the Ugra River: The 1480 standoff between Muscovite and Golden Horde forces that ended without a major battle. Ivan’s refusal to submit during this confrontation marked the end of Horde authority over Moscow.
Sudebnik of 1497: A legal code issued under Ivan III that standardized aspects of law and limited when peasants could leave their lords. The code extended central authority by regularizing legal practice across Muscovite lands.
Vasily III of Russia: Grand prince of Moscow from 1505 to 1533 and son and successor of Ivan III. Vasily inherited Ivan’s enlarged realm and continued the consolidation of Muscovite power.
Golden Horde: A Mongol successor state that dominated much of the western Eurasian steppe and exacted tribute from Rus’ princes. Its authority over Moscow persisted into Ivan’s reign and was repudiated in 1480.
Novgorod Veche: A civic assembly that participated in political decisions in medieval Novgorod and other Rus’ cities. Its traditions of civic participation contrasted with Ivan’s drive to impose centralized princely rule.
Muscovy: The medieval Russian principality centered on Moscow that grew into the Russian state. Ivan’s territorial expansion made this principality the dominant power in northeastern Rus’.
Appanage: A territory or estate assigned to a member of a ruling dynasty, often with local governing rights. Ivan curtailed the autonomy of appanage princes to consolidate authority under the grand prince.
Ivan the Young: The eldest son of Ivan III and heir apparent until his death in 1490. His death triggered a succession struggle between his line and the sons of Sofia Palaiologina.
Grand Duchy of Lithuania: A medieval state that governed much of eastern Europe, including extensive lands inhabited by East Slavs. Lithuania controlled many lands claimed by Moscow and was Ivan’s principal western rival.
Pskov Republic: A medieval polity centered on Pskov, with a veche and institutions resembling those of Novgorod. Pskov retained republican institutions under Muscovite influence, unlike annexed Novgorod.

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