Jacquerie

The Jacquerie was a peasant uprising in northern France in 1358, during the Hundred Years’ War. It was violently suppressed by royalist and noble forces.

Battle of Poitiers: A 1356 English victory in the Hundred Years’ War in which King John II of France was captured. The king’s capture left France politically exposed as the uprising approached.
Guillaume Cale: A leader of the Jacquerie who was captured and executed after negotiations with Charles of Navarre. He became the uprising’s most prominent named commander.
Taxation in medieval France: The levies imposed by French authorities and local powers to fund government and warfare in the Middle Ages. Heavy wartime demands intensified resentment among rural communities.
Peasant society in medieval France: The rural communities whose labor and obligations sustained medieval French agriculture and lordship. The uprising arose within these communities, whose position remained vulnerable after its defeat.
Estates-General of 1357: A meeting of the French Estates-General that sought reforms during the crisis following John II’s capture. Its reform struggle formed part of the political instability preceding the revolt.
Charles II of Navarre: A French and Navarrese ruler known as Charles the Bad, involved in the political conflicts of 1358. He defeated rebel forces and captured Guillaume Cale.
Medieval peasant revolt: A collective rural uprising against political, economic, or social conditions in medieval Europe. The Jacquerie was one particularly large revolt within this broader phenomenon.
Jacquerie (term): A French-derived term used for peasant uprisings, especially rebellions perceived as violent or disorderly. The revolt gave its name to a broader label for rural insurrection.
Étienne Marcel: A Parisian merchant and provost who led a political movement challenging royal authority in 1358. His urban revolt coincided with the Jacquerie and complicated the regent’s response.
Charles V of France: King of France from 1364 to 1380, previously regent during the crises of 1356–1358. The regent’s authority was among the powers contested during the revolt.

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