Jagadish Chandra Bose

Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858–1937) was an Indian physicist and biologist who pioneered radio and microwave experiments and investigated electrical responses in plants.

Coherer: A device whose electrical resistance changes when radio waves or other signals arrive. Bose adapted coherers to detect short-wavelength radio signals.
Bengal Presidency: A major administrative division of British India that included Bengal and surrounding regions. Bose was born and began his scientific career in this colonial province.
Prafulla Chandra Ray: An Indian chemist, educator, and entrepreneur who founded Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Works. Ray and Bose helped build modern scientific research and education in Bengal.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers milestones: A program recognizing historic achievements in electrical and electronic engineering. IEEE recognized Bose’s millimeter-wave experiments as a landmark in electrical engineering.
Hertzian waves: Electromagnetic waves produced and detected in experiments by Heinrich Hertz in the late nineteenth century. Bose extended experimental study of these waves toward shorter wavelengths.
Millimeter wave: Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from one to ten millimeters. Bose’s experiments used very short radio waves in this range.
University of Cambridge: A public research university in Cambridge, England, founded in 1209. Bose studied natural sciences there before returning to India.
Rabindranath Tagore: A Bengali writer, poet, composer, and educator awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore was a close friend who supported Bose’s work and exchanged ideas with him.
Wireless telegraphy: The transmission of telegraph messages by radio waves without connecting wires. Bose demonstrated wireless signaling years before radio became a commercial system.
Radio transmitter: A device that generates and radiates radio-frequency electromagnetic waves. Bose built experimental transmitters, unlike later high-power broadcasting systems.

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